IMAT Biology Practice Exam

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• Which term describes stem cells that can differentiate into a limited number of tissue types?
• Which region of a sarcomere contains only thick filaments?
• The cell body is the largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm.
• Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?
• Genetic drift is defined as a random change in allele frequencies that can reduce genetic variation.
• In enveloped viruses, where are the glycoproteins typically located?
• Osmoregulation refers to:
• Which best describes the function of sodium channels in neurons?
• What does lipase do?
• If blood volume is low and osmolarity is high (dehydration), what happens to urine?
• What is described about the horizontal segments of the nephron?
• Which structure in the kidney collects urine after it has been processed through the renal tubules?
• In the liver, glucagon promotes which process to increase blood glucose?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the FLAT PEG hormones produced by the anterior pituitary?
• Metaphase II involves which arrangement of chromosomes?
• Chemoreceptors detect changes in which parameters?
• Function of the hypothalamus?
• Prophase II features the reappearance of which structures?
• Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
• Posterior pituitary gland?
• Mitosis is what type of reproduction?
• Frontal lobe controls functions such as movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement.
• Which type of immunity is produced by T cells that attack infected or abnormal body cells?
• Which chamber receives blood from the body via the vena cavae?
• In a hypotonic solution, what occurs to the cell?
• What event initiates cross-bridge formation during muscle contraction?
• Missense mutations change a codon to code for a different amino acid, whereas nonsense mutations create a premature stop codon.
• In humans, how many chromosomes are typically found in a haploid gamete?
• Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels?
• Alleles are best described as
• During the cardiac cycle, which condition marks the start of ventricular systole?
• In semiconservative replication, each new DNA molecule contains...
• Metaphase I: Homologous chromosome pairs align at metaphase plate. Which statement is correct?
• Humoral immunity is described as which of the following?
• What is mechanical digestion?
• Which ganglion contains motor neurons for the somatic nervous system?
• What does rRNA do?
• Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is a technique that uses reverse transcription to produce a DNA template from RNA.
• Where are leukocytes produced?
• Which DNA element serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription in bacteria?
• Which genetic mechanism explains how variants of viral genomes differentiate and cause pandemics?
• How many daughter cells result from a single mitotic division?
• Which describes water reabsorption in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?
• Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that they:
• What enzymes break down proteins into amino acids?
• Nociceptors are sensory receptors that detect which of the following?
• During telophase II, which event occurs?
• The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling which of the following?
• What triggers a lysogenic virus to enter the lytic cycle?
• Which type of bond connects the backbone of DNA?
• Mammals employ which type of pressure breathing?
• Osmolarity is defined as the measure of what?
• The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes is called?
• Which signaling system uses hormones to coordinate activities across distant organs via the bloodstream?
• Which of the following are typical components of a virus?
• Water is absorbed primarily in which organ?
• What is the primary structure of a protein?
• Thick filaments are composed of which protein?
• Entropy is defined as:
• Which enzymes break down lipids to produce fatty acids and glycerol?
• Vital capacity is defined as which of the following?
• Which description applies to progesterone?
• Which statement correctly describes the peripheral nervous system?
• Alternative splicing refers to splicing of introns in a pre-mRNA that occurs in different ways, leading to different mRNAs that code for different proteins.
• During skeletal muscle contraction, which sarcomeric region changes length the most?
• Proteins are respired for energy primarily during which condition?
• During anaphase, sister chromatids separate to move to opposite poles of the cell.
• Plasmids are predominantly found in which organisms?
• Which interaction commonly stabilizes a protein's tertiary structure by linking distant parts of the chain?
• Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of genes.
• Which level of protein structure describes the assembly of two or more polypeptide subunits?
• Which statement about the citric acid cycle is true?
• Which molecules provide energy and reducing power for the Calvin cycle to convert CO2 into sugars?
• Granulocytes include which of the following?
• Which RNA type forms the structural component of ribosomes?
• Which term describes a signal that acts on the same cell that secretes it?
• Which description matches the function of microtubules?
• At which stage do sister chromatids separate?
• During inhalation, the diaphragm does what?
• Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that it involves which process?
• Which term describes stem cells that can differentiate into almost all types of tissues and cells in the body?
• What is the correct sequence for urine formation steps?
• Which organ directly before the stomach in the GI tract order?
• Dendrites are branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
• Which statement best describes allopatric speciation?
• What happens to a cell if it takes in too much water?
• Which division of the autonomic nervous system typically arouses the body in times of stress?
• Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by which mechanism?
• What is the function of helicase?
• What is the primary function of ribosomes?
• During which phase of interphase does the cell grow and perform its normal functions?
• Sympatric speciation is described as which of the following?
• Which glial cells phagocytize bacterial cells and debris in the CNS?
• Which of the following best describes a prokaryotic cell?
• Activation energy is defined as which of the following?
• How many bases form a codon that specifies an amino acid?
• What is the role of hydrogen bonds in DNA base pairing?
• Which cell type has two sets of chromosomes in animals?
• Which organ secretes lipase?
• What is glycolysis?
• Which hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation?
• In muscle contraction, which statement best describes the role of tropomyosin?
• Meiosis results in haploid gametes and introduces genetic variation.
• Which organ is primarily involved in the breakdown and recycling of old red blood cells?
• Which of the following are components of the cytoskeleton?
• Which statement best describes the stabilization of the tertiary structure of a protein?
• What best describes a haploid cell?
• Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
• Which statement best contrasts competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?
• Where are fats absorbed and broken down in the body?
• What role do intermediate filaments play in a cell?
• What is the function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?
• Glucagon acts on which tissues to promote glucose release?
• Where does the Calvin cycle take place in plant chloroplasts?
• Noncompetitive inhibitors are defined as which of the following?
• What is the primary purpose of meiosis?
• Which function is attributed to astrocytes?
• What do electromagnetic receptors detect?
• Where are plasmids found?
• What is a macromolecule?
• What is the correct order of the airflow pathway into the lungs?
• The function of chloroplasts in plant cells is:
• Tidal volume is defined as which of the following?
• Neurotransmitter vs neurohormones: which statement is true?
• Viral envelopes are typically derived from which structure of the host cell?
• Endocytosis is best described as which kind of transport?
• How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis in humans?
• What is the mitotic spindle?
• Which statement about enzymes is true?
• What is the function of the renal artery?
• Is NAD+ an oxidizing agent or reducing agent?
• Which lobe processes visual information?
• Which pigment in chloroplasts is primarily responsible for absorbing light during photosynthesis?
• Which event describes the entry of pyruvate into the mitochondria and its conversion to acetyl-CoA?
• Which neural structure lies below the thalamus and directs maintenance activities, regulates the endocrine system via the pituitary, and is linked to emotion and reward?
• Which cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS?
• Which mutation type changes a codon to a stop codon?
• What constitutes the secondary structure of a protein?
• Stem cells possess the ability to
• Which structures are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
• What describes the role of single-strand binding proteins?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes mechanical digestion from chemical digestion?
• Which protein primarily transports oxygen in the bloodstream?
• Which statement best describes the central nervous system?
• A synapse is a tiny gap that separates the axon of one neuron, and the dendrite of another neuron.
• What occurs in the descending loop of Henle?
• What is the glomerulus in the nephron?
• Damage to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt which functions?
• Genetic variation refers to differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments.
• Competitive inhibitors are defined as which of the following?
• Which organ produces bile that is secreted into the small intestine?
• When do the semilunar valves open?
• What is the genome?
• Prophase I features includes crossing over between homologues. Choose the accurate description.
• Meiosis creates genetic diversity by which mechanisms?
• What is an RNA primer in DNA replication?
• During anaphase II of meiosis, which event occurs?
• Thermoreceptors respond to changes in what?
• In the airway pathway, which structure directly precedes the alveoli?
• What primarily determines which metabolic pathways can occur in a cell?
• What is the distal convoluted tubule associated with?
• Ribosomes function to:
• Which gland synthesizes corticosteroids when stimulated by ACTH?
• How is diffusion defined?
• What is lactic fermentation?
• Glycogen is best described as
• Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
• In the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), which substances are reabsorbed with water?
• T cells mature in which organ?
• Which process yields gene flow?
• Osmosis is defined as which process?
• Which hormone stimulates the release of cortisol by the adrenal cortex?
• Region of DNA that controls RNA polymerase's access to a set of genes with related functions.
• RNA primers have what role in replication?
• Transcription factors that act as activators have which effect on transcription?
• During meiosis I, what happens to homologous chromosomes?
• Which gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine?
• Nodes of Ranvier function to which of the following?
• Which region of the sarcomere does not change in length during contraction?
• Which glial cells form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
• Point mutations are changes in the base sequence that can have a significant impact on phenotype.
• Which statement best contrasts diffusion and osmosis?
• Vasodilation results in what?
• Endocytosis is an example of which transport mechanism?
• Describe translation.
• What is a primary function of microfilaments?
• Which acts faster, the nervous system or the endocrine system?
• Which statement about catabolic metabolic pathways is true?
• Describe transcription.
• Which lobe handles hearing and language?
• Which process adds substances to the tubular fluid from blood?
• What best defines the cardiac cycle?
• Totipotent stem cells are best described as cells that can differentiate into any type of specialised cells found in organisms of that species.
• How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine?
• Which cell type forms myelin sheath in the CNS?
• Innate immunity includes which of the following components?
• Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion?
• Which base pairing is correct in DNA?
• Which condition triggers the release of ADH?
• Which hormone is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?
• Why is a high surface area to volume ratio important in the respiratory system?
• Which molecules are produced during photosynthesis?
• Progesterone has what effect on FSH release?
• Which cellular organelle contains RNA but not DNA?
• Ribosomes are responsible for
• Crossing over during meiosis increases genetic variation by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes.
• Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bones to release calcium?
• Which form of reproduction requires two parents?
• Pluripotent stem cells are best described as cells that can differentiate into almost all types of tissues and cells in the body.
• Which features are typical of an effective gas exchange system?
• Anaphase I involves which event?
• In a hypertonic solution, what happens to a cell?
• Where does translation occur?
• During atrial systole, what occurs?
• How many hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine?
• Which statement correctly represents the overall equation for photosynthesis?
• What is the viral envelope composed of?
• Negative feedback is?
• Facilitated diffusion involves what mechanism?
• Parietal lobe functions include processing information about touch.
• What term describes DNA formed by combining constituents from different organisms?
• Which structure connects the two brain hemispheres by a large band of neural fibers?
• Which statement correctly describes the DNA backbone?
• From which structure does the mitotic spindle arise?
• Which inheritance pattern is characterized by more frequent expression in males and can be carried by females?
• Which statement about cartilage is accurate?
• During which phase does DNA replication occur?
• Dorsal root ganglia contain cell bodies of which neurons?
• During ventricular diastole, which statement is true?
• Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
• What happens in the ascending loop of Henle?
• Lytic cycle vs lysogenic: Lytic cycle produces virions until the host cell lyses; Lysogenic cycle integrates into the genome as provirus or prophage and remains dormant until stress activates it.
• Which part of the nephron concentrates urine during reabsorption?
• Which segment is not permeable to water, contributing to dilution of filtrate?
• Which statement about the nucleus is true?
• Which of the following is a set of sex hormones?
• What is the primary function of a myelin sheath around an axon?
• Does the brain play a role in glucose regulation?
• A homeostatic response includes
• Which structure stores neurotransmitters at the end of the neuron?
• What is a replication fork?
• Which statement best describes neurotransmitters and neurohormones?
• Which of the following is a typical virus component?
• Which term describes arterial pressure that remains between heart contractions?
• Origins of replication are best described as what?
• Histone modification that loosens chromatin structure and enhances transcription is histone acetylation.
• Which function is typically associated with the left brain?
• Which process produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells?
• Gel electrophoresis is used for which of the following purposes?
• Reflex arcs are:
• Which organ directly precedes the anus in the GI tract order?
• Which statement correctly defines interphase?
• Agranulocytes are leukocytes without granules; which of the following is an agranulocyte?
• Which sequence correctly describes the flow of blood from the vena cavae through the heart to the aorta?
• Which statement describes the G2 phase?
• Occipital lobe processes visual information.
• A unit of genetic function common in bacteria and phages, consisting of coordinately regulated clusters of genes with related functions.
• Which hormone is released by the corpus luteum and supports the endometrium for pregnancy?
• Nodes of Ranvier contribute to conduction by which description?
• Residual volume is defined as which of the following?
• Which glial cell forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system?
• Proteins are digested in which organ?
• Innate immunity includes which of the following components?
• What is a primary role of the viral envelope in infection?
• Which cell type has one set of chromosomes in animals?
• Axon terminal is the endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored.
• RNA primer is defined as which of the following?
• In the listed GI tract order, which organ is fifth?
• Restriction enzymes (endonucleases) are enzymes that which of the following?
• Which statement best describes crossing over?
• Which statement best describes recombinant DNA technology?
• During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes become visible, the nuclear envelope dissolves, and the spindle forms?
• What happens during ventricular systole?
• What is the shortest phase of mitosis?
• What is the renal artery?
• Gene flow is best described as which of the following?
• The nucleus and ribosomes relationship is:
• Positive feedback?
• Myofibrils are what?
• Which statement defines the quaternary structure of a protein?
• Thin filaments are composed of which components?
• Which structure is described as the brain's sensory switchboard that directs messages to the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla?
• Anabolism refers to metabolic pathways that:
• Which statement correctly describes a repressible operon?
• Multipotent stem cells are defined as cells that can become a limited number of types of tissues and cells in the body.
• Cyclins and CDKs are what?
• Hemolysis refers to
• siRNA stands for small interfering RNA.
• Which enzyme digests proteins in the stomach?
• Which structure found inside the nucleus synthesizes ribosomes?
• Under aerobic conditions, which stage of cellular respiration yields the most ATP?
• When do the atrioventricular valves open?
• During atrial systole, which occurs?
• Which description correctly defines beta-oxidation?
• What do DNA controls determine in the cell?
• Which cells form the myelin sheath in the PNS?
• Cartilage is an example of which type of connective tissue?
• In anaerobic glycolysis, which cofactor is regenerated to allow glycolysis to continue?
• Which mechanism causes allele frequencies to change by chance, potentially reducing variation in small populations?
• In animals, which statement correctly describes chromosome sets in gametes and somatic cells?
• What does semiconservative replication mean?
• Which organ directly after the pharynx in the GI tract order?
• What role does tRNA play?
• What term describes the complete set of genetic material in an organism's chromosomes?
• What is chromatin?
• T cells mature in the thymus and primarily function to:
• Which statement about meiosis is true?
• Photopigments are composed of opsin and which molecule?
• Agranulocytes include which of the following examples?
• Mutations are a source of what type of variation?
• What is the correct order of segments in the small intestine?
• What are the vertical segments of the nephron primarily focused on?
• Chyme is produced in which organ?
• What is DNA?
• Which structure is not a component of the cytoskeleton?
• Which hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary?
• Which statement best describes the action of the parasympathetic division?
• What is the primary function of capillaries?
• Which statement about the adrenal cortex is true?
• In the GI tract order, which organ immediately follows the mouth?
• Genes located on homologous chromosomes are called what?
• Which statement correctly describes an inducible operon?
• Which hormone maintains the uterine lining, inhibits FSH/LH production, and inhibits uterine contractions?
• Telophase I yields two haploid cells. Which statement is true?
• Dorsal root ganglia contain sensory neuron cell bodies. Which statement best describes this?
• Which brain structure is primarily responsible for controlling fine motor skills?
• Where is the amino acid binding site located on tRNA?
• What are the semilunar valves?
• Which statement about mature mammalian red blood cells is true?
• Alternative splicing increases protein diversity by producing different proteins from the same gene.
• What is the primary role of siRNA in gene regulation?
• Temporal lobe is responsible for hearing and language.
• Which molecules diffuse across respiratory surfaces during gas exchange?
• Which function is typically associated with the right brain?
• Cartilage relies on diffusion for nutrient exchange due to its avascular nature. True or False?
• ADH is a hormone with which of the following characteristics?
• What is the effect of histone deacetylation on chromatin structure and transcription?
• Which vessel carries absorbed nutrients from the small intestine to the liver for detoxification first?
• Allopatric speciation is described as which of the following?
• A virus with a lipid envelope is typically enveloped due to acquisition from what source?
• Free energy is best described as which of the following?
• A promoter is the specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription.
• Opsin is a class of protein that, together with retinal, constitutes what?
• Which hormones regulate the permeability of the collecting duct?
• Paracrine?
• Binary fission is most commonly associated with which type of organism?
• Which statement best describes aldosterone's effect?
• Which hormone stimulates production of eggs and sperm and causes follicles in ovaries to mature?
• Compared to hemoglobin, myoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen.
• Frameshift mutations shift the reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide.
• Diastole is best described as when the heart relaxes to receive blood.
• Which statement best describes the roles of progesterone and estrogen?
• Which statement about red blood cells is true?
• Which valve opens to allow blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery?
• Which band contains the thick filaments in their entirety?
• Which region of a sarcomere contains only thin filaments?
• Which organisms have cell walls?
• During prophase, what happens to the nuclear envelope?
• Estrogen is described as which of the following?
• Which organ contains pepsin to digest proteins?
• Which statement best characterizes the autonomic nervous system?
• Progesterone has three main functions. Which statement best describes one of these functions?
• Vasoconstriction has which effect?
• Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?
• DNA strands are antiparallel. What does antiparallel mean?
• Which statement best differentiates meiosis from mitosis?
• Which statement about the cell membrane is true?
• Adaptive immunity is characterized by which feature?
• Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments by size.
• In a sarcomere, which feature defines its boundary?
• Which cytoskeletal element is a hollow tube that helps move materials around the cell?
• Which best describes skeletal muscle?
• Which molecule acts as the primary electron carrier produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
• All cells contain which of the following?
• Androgens are
• Autocrine?
• B cells are primarily responsible for which function?
• Which statement correctly describes viral envelopes?
• Aldosterone is described as what?
• Catabolism refers to metabolic pathways that:
• Which organ directly after the stomach in the GI tract order?
• Mechanoreceptors respond to which stimuli?
• Posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus; it is controlled by neuronal signals from the hypothalamus.
• What term describes the three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain?
• If a cell undergoes n rounds of mitotic divisions, how many cells are produced in total?
• Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in the cell?
• Rhodopsin is the pigment found in which cells?
• Which gland is primarily responsible for producing corticosteroids?
• Which cytoskeletal component is primarily involved in muscle contraction and intracellular movement?