Describe translation.

Describe translation.

• A. The process where the information carried by mRNA is used to produce proteins
• B. The replication of DNA
• C. The transcription of RNA from DNA
• D. The processing of proteins in the Golgi

Answer: (B)

Translation is the process by which the information carried by mRNA is used to produce proteins. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons and tRNA molecules bring the corresponding amino acids, which are linked together to form a growing polypeptide chain according to the genetic code. This chain then folds into a functional protein. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum for proteins destined for secretion or membranes, and it relies on energy from GTP during initiation and elongation. The other options describe different steps in gene expression or protein handling: DNA replication duplicates the genetic material, transcription makes RNA from DNA, and processing of proteins in the Golgi occurs after synthesis.

Translation is the process by which the information carried by mRNA is used to produce proteins. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons and tRNA molecules bring the corresponding amino acids, which are linked together to form a growing polypeptide chain according to the genetic code. This chain then folds into a functional protein. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum for proteins destined for secretion or membranes, and it relies on energy from GTP during initiation and elongation. The other options describe different steps in gene expression or protein handling: DNA replication duplicates the genetic material, transcription makes RNA from DNA, and processing of proteins in the Golgi occurs after synthesis.